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A-1
User Guide for Cisco Secure Access Control System 5.4
OL-26225-01
APPENDIX
A
AAA Protocols
This section contains the following topics:
• Typical Use Cases, page A-1
• Access Protocols—TACACS+ and RADIUS, page A-5
• Overview of TACACS+, page A-5
• Overview of RADIUS, page A-6
Typical Use Cases
This section contains the following topics:
• Device Administration (TACACS+), page A-1
• Network Access (RADIUS With and Without EAP), page A-2
Device Administration (TACACS+)
Figure A-1 shows the flows associated with device administration. The two primary triggers are:
• Session Access Requests (Device Administration [TACACS+]), page A-2.
• Command Authorization Requests, page A-2.
Figure A-1 Device Administration Flow
Host
Network device
1
2
4
ACS runtime
3
Identity
store
250850
- Control System 5.4 1
- CONTENTS 3
- Contents 10
- OL-26225-01 10
- 12 Managing Alarms 12-1 12
- 13 Managing Reports 13-1 13
- 19 Understanding Logging 19-1 19
- A AAA Protocols A-1 19
- Notices C-1 22
- OpenSSL/Open SSL Project C-1 22
- License Issues C-1 22
- Audience 23
- Document Conventions 23
- Documentation Updates 24
- Related Documentation 24
- Table 2 Product Documentation 25
- Introducing ACS 5.4 27
- ACS Distributed Deployment 28
- ACS Licensing Model 29
- ACS Management Interfaces 29
- ACS Web-based Interface 30
- ACS Command Line Interface 30
- ACS Programmatic Interfaces 31
- Migration Requirements 34
- Supported Migration Versions 34
- Downloading Migration Files 35
- Common Scenarios in Migration 39
- ACS 5.x Policy Model 43
- Policy Terminology 45
- Simple Policies 46
- Rule-Based Policies 46
- Types of Policies 47
- Access Services 48
- Access Service Templates 49
- Access Services 50
- Identity Policy 51
- Failure Options 52
- Group Mapping Policy 53
- Service Selection Policy 54
- Rules-Based Service Selection 55
- First-Match Rule Tables 56
- Policy Conditions 58
- Policy Results 58
- Prerequisites 61
- Policy Terminology, page 3-3 63
- Policy Conditions, page 3-16 63
- Policy Results, page 3-16 63
- Common Scenarios Using ACS 65
- Session Administration 67
- Command Authorization 68
- Password-Based Network Access 69
- Using Certificates in ACS 74
- Agentless Network Access 76
- Host Lookup 77
- PAP/EAP-MD5 Authentication 79
- Agentless Network Access Flow 80
- Previous Step: 81
- Next Step: 81
- Agentless Network Access 82
- VPN Remote Network Access 84
- Supported Identity Stores 85
- Supported VPN Clients 86
- Creating Security Groups 88
- Creating SGACLs 89
- Configuring an NDAC Policy 89
- Creating an Egress Policy 91
- Creating a Default Policy 92
- Supported Protocols 94
- Supported RADIUS Attributes 95
- TACACS+ Body Encryption 95
- Connection to TACACS+ Server 95
- Configuring Proxy Service 96
- Understanding My Workspace 97
- Task Guides 98
- My Account Page 98
- Login Banner 99
- Using the Web Interface 99
- Accessing the Web Interface 100
- Logging Out 101
- Web Interface Design 102
- Navigation Pane 103
- Content Area 104
- List Pages 105
- Web Interface Location 105
- Using the Web Interface 107
- Filtering 108
- Secondary Windows 109
- Transfer Boxes 110
- Figure 5-10 Transfer Box 111
- Rule Table Pages 112
- Supported ACS Objects 114
- Object Type: User 115
- Object Type: Hosts 115
- Object Type: Network Device 115
- Object Type: Identity Group 116
- Object Type: NDG 116
- Object Type: Command Set 116
- Creating Import Files 117
- Creating the Import File 118
- Common Errors 121
- Deletion Errors 122
- Accessibility 123
- Keyboard and Mouse Features 124
- • To configure access 128
- • To configure compound 128
- • To configure schedules: 129
- • To create threshold alarms: 129
- Managing Network Resources 131
- Network Device Groups 132
- Related Topics 133
- Related Topics: 137
- IP Address 144
- Deleting Network Devices 147
- Working with OCSP Services 151
- Working with OCSP Services 152
- Deleting OCSP Servers 154
- Overview 155
- External Identity Stores 156
- Identity Groups 157
- Identity Sequences 158
- Authentication Information 159
- Managing Identity Attributes 161
- Standard Attributes 162
- User Attributes 162
- Host Attributes 163
- Creating Internal Users 165
- Deleting Internal Hosts 172
- Management Hierarchy 173
- LDAP Overview 176
- Directory Service 177
- Authentication Using LDAP 177
- Multiple LDAP Instances 177
- Failover 178
- LDAP Connection Management 178
- Attributes Retrieval 179
- Certificate Retrieval 180
- Related Topic 181
- Secondary Server 182
- • Username 185
- • Distinguished name 185
- Directory Structure 185
- Configuring LDAP Groups 187
- Viewing LDAP Attributes 188
- Microsoft AD 195
- Machine Authentication 197
- • The user account disabled 198
- • The user locked out 198
- Machine Access Restrictions 199
- MAR Cache Distribution Groups 200
- Dial-In Permissions 201
- Dial-In Support Attributes 202
- Joining ACS to an AD Domain 203
- Selecting an AD Group 207
- Configuring AD Attributes 208
- RSA SecurID Server 211
- Editing ACS Instance Settings 215
- Configuring Advanced Options 216
- RADIUS Identity Stores 217
- Password Prompt 218
- User Group Mapping 218
- Groups and Attributes Mapping 218
- User Attribute Cache 220
- Configuring General Settings 221
- Configuring Shell Prompts 223
- Configuring CA Certificates 225
- 12515 EAP-TLS failed SSL/TLS 227
- Supported Name Constraints: 230
- Unsupported Name Constraints: 230
- Authentication Sequence 231
- Attribute Retrieval Sequence 232
- Internal User/Host 233
- Managing Policy Elements 237
- Managing Policy Conditions 238
- Deleting a Session Condition 242
- Managing Network Conditions 242
- Importing Network Conditions 244
- Exporting Network Conditions 245
- Defining Common Tasks 262
- Defining Custom Attributes 265
- Managing Access Policies 271
- Policy Creation Flow 272
- Customizing a Policy 274
- Service Selection Policy Page 276
- Before You Begin 278
- Displaying Hit Counts 280
- Configuring Access Services 281
- Configuring Access Services 282
- Deleting an Access Service 291
- Viewing Identity Policies 292
- Creating Policy Rules 308
- Duplicating a Rule 309
- Editing Policy Rules 309
- Deleting Policy Rules 310
- Types of Compound Conditions 312
- Egress Policy Matrix Page 316
- NDAC Policy Page 318
- NDAC Policy Properties Page 319
- Maximum User Sessions 321
- Max Session User Settings 322
- Max Session Group Settings 322
- Max Session Global Setting 323
- Purging User Sessions 324
- Related topics 325
- Dashboard Pages 328
- Dashboard Pages 329
- Working with Portlets 330
- Working with Portlets 331
- Adding Tabs to the Dashboard 332
- Adding Applications to Tabs 333
- Changing the Dashboard Layout 334
- Managing Alarms 335
- Evaluating Alarm Thresholds 336
- Notifying Users of Events 337
- Incremental Backup 339
- Understanding Alarm Schedules 343
- Deleting Alarm Schedules 345
- Passed Authentications 348
- Failed Authentications 350
- Authentication Inactivity 352
- TACACS Command Accounting 353
- TACACS Command Authorization 354
- ACS Configuration Changes 355
- ACS System Diagnostics 356
- ACS Process Status 357
- ACS System Health 358
- ACS AAA Health 359
- RADIUS Sessions 360
- Unknown NAD 361
- External DB Unavailable 362
- RBACL Drops 363
- NAD-Reported AAA Downtime 365
- Deleting Alarm Thresholds 367
- Deleting Alarm Syslog Targets 370
- Managing Reports 371
- Working with Favorite Reports 373
- Editing Favorite Reports 375
- Running Favorite Reports 375
- Sharing Reports 376
- Working with Catalog Reports 377
- Access Service 378
- ACS Instance 378
- Endpoint 379
- Failure Reason 379
- Network Device 379
- Security Group Access 380
- Session Directory 380
- Running Catalog Reports 381
- Deleting Catalog Reports 382
- Running Named Reports 383
- Customizing Reports 389
- Viewing Reports 390
- About Standard Viewer 391
- About Interactive Viewer 391
- Navigating Reports 392
- Table of contents 393
- Exporting Report Data 394
- Viewing Reports 395
- Printing Reports 396
- Editing Labels 397
- Formatting Labels 398
- Formatting Data 398
- Resizing Columns 399
- Formatting Data in Columns 399
- Formatting Data Types 400
- Formatting Numeric Data 401
- Formatting String Data 403
- Formatting Custom String Data 403
- 415-555-2121 404
- Formatting Date and Time 405
- Formatting Boolean Data 406
- Applying Conditional Formats 407
- Organizing Report Data 411
- Organizing Report Data 412
- Removing Columns 414
- Hiding Columns 415
- Displaying Hidden Columns 415
- Merging Columns 415
- Figure 13-29 Separate Columns 416
- Figure 13-30 Merged Column 416
- Sorting Data 417
- Sorting a Single Column 417
- Sorting Multiple Columns 417
- Grouping Data 419
- Adding Groups 420
- Removing an Inner Group 421
- Creating Report Calculations 422
- Working with Aggregate Data 433
- Deleting Aggregate Rows 437
- Displaying Repeated Values 438
- Working with Filters 439
- Types of Filter Conditions 440
- Setting Filter Values 441
- Creating Filters 442
- Understanding Charts 446
- Modifying Charts 447
- Changing Chart Subtype 448
- Changing Chart Formatting 448
- Understanding Charts 449
- Report Viewer 451
- Expert Troubleshooter 452
- Performing Connectivity Tests 453
- Restoring Data from a Backup 475
- Viewing Log Collections 476
- Log Collection Details Page 478
- Recovering Log Messages 480
- Viewing Scheduled Jobs 480
- Viewing Scheduled Jobs 481
- Viewing Process Status 482
- Viewing Data Upgrade Status 483
- Viewing Failure Reasons 483
- Editing Failure Reasons 483
- Specifying E-Mail Settings 484
- Configuring SNMP Preferences 484
- Deleting Collection Filters 486
- Understanding Roles 491
- Permissions 492
- Predefined Roles 493
- Changing Role Associations 494
- Accounts 495
- Viewing Predefined Roles 497
- Viewing Role Properties 498
- Administrator Identity Policy 503
- Administrator Login Process 509
- Configuring System Operations 513
- Activating Secondary Servers 515
- Removing Secondary Servers 516
- Promoting a Secondary Server 516
- Understanding Local Mode 516
- Scheduled Backups 518
- Editing Instances 521
- Editing Instances 522
- Instance Data 523
- Deleting a Secondary Instance 525
- Management Page 529
- Operations Page 529
- Instance 535
- Configuring TACACS+ Settings 539
- Configuring EAP-TLS Settings 540
- Configuring PEAP Settings 541
- Configuring EAP-FAST Settings 541
- Generating EAP-FAST PAC 542
- Managing Dictionaries 543
- Managing Dictionaries 544
- Deleting Certificates 557
- Exporting Certificates 558
- Configuring Logs 559
- Configuring Logs 560
- Deleting a Remote Log Target 561
- Configuring the Local Log 562
- Deleting Local Log Data 562
- Viewing ADE-OS Logs 566
- Configure Logged Attributes 569
- Displaying Logging Categories 570
- Configuring the Log Collector 571
- Licensing Overview 572
- Installing a License File 573
- Viewing the Base License 574
- Available Downloads 578
- Available Downloads 579
- Downloading Rest Services 580
- Understanding Logging 581
- Using Log Targets 582
- Logging Categories 582
- About Logging 583
- Log Message Severity Levels 584
- Local Store Target 585
- Critical Log Target 587
- Remote Syslog Server Target 588
- CSCOacs string 589
- Viewing Log Messages 590
- Debug Logs 591
- :\Program Files\CiscoSecu 592
- AAA Protocols 595
- Appendix A AAA Protocols 596
- Typical Use Cases 596
- Network device 597
- ACS Runtime 597
- Identity 597
- Overview of TACACS+ 599
- Overview of RADIUS 600
- ACS 5.4 as the AAA Server 601
- Overview of RADIUS 602
- Authentication 603
- Authorization 603
- Accounting 603
- Add Attribute 604
- Update Attribute 604
- RADIUS Access Requests 605
- • Service type 606
- • Protocol type 606
- • Access list to apply 606
- Authentication in ACS 5.4 607
- RADIUS PAP Authentication 609
- Overview of EAP-MD5 611
- EAP- MD5 Flow in ACS 5.4 611
- Overview of EAP-TLS 612
- PKI Authentication 613
- PKI Credentials 614
- Acquiring Local Certificates 615
- Certificate Generation 616
- Exporting Credentials 617
- Credentials Distribution 618
- EAP-TLS Flow in ACS 5.4 619
- PEAPv0/1 620
- Overview of PEAP 621
- Fast Reconnect 622
- Session Resume 622
- PEAP Flow in ACS 5.4 623
- Creating the TLS Tunnel 624
- EAP-FAST 625
- EAP-FAST 626
- EAP-FAST in ACS 5.4 627
- About Master-Keys 628
- About PACs 628
- Provisioning Modes 629
- Types of PACs 629
- Manual PAC Provisioning 631
- PAC-Less Authentication 632
- EAP-FAST Flow in ACS 5.4 633
- EAP-FAST PAC Management 634
- Key Distribution Algorithm 635
- Revocation Method 635
- PAC Migration from ACS 4.x 635
- EAP-MSCHAPv2 636
- Overview of EAP-MSCHAPv2 637
- Certificate Attributes 638
- Certificate Binary Comparison 639
- Certificate Revocation 640
- OpenSSL/Open SSL Project 645
- Original SSLeay License: 646
- GLOSSARY 649
- Glossary 650
- XML (eXtensible 667
- Markup Language) 667
- YEAR function 13-60 678
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